城市空间与其使用价值——汕头中山公园的城市空间意义

文章通过论述汕头中山公园在策划背景、分析论证、用地选址和大规模建设各方面，是如何作为城市空间来体现其社会使用价值，来探讨城市空间产生过程中错综复杂的政治、经济、社会和文化多方面力量的博弈，以及城市社会和空间使用的相互关系。     

关于信息化测绘时代工程测量发展的思考

如今我国信息化技术全面发展，尤其对于工程测量工作领域来讲，不管是在工程建设和管理方面都产生不小的支撑引导效用。由此，笔者具体结合如今工程建设信息化测绘核心任何以及设备布置细节，进行结构整体安全管理周期和周边地理空间信息技术发展能效整理解析，试图将工程测量最新发展机遇和技术挑战问题处理完全。希望能够借此为日后一定时期范围内相关工程测量规划主体提供合理指导性建议内容，最终为我国各类工程事业可持续发展前景绽放奠定深刻适应基础。     

一种计算空间异面高压线间最短距离的方法

在电力工程建设、运行、管理中,需要遵循许多行业规范,尤其是高压线间的间距,关系到电网运行的安全与否。对于一些容易判断两线间最短距离的高压线,如平行的高压线等,可以方便的求出其最短距离,但是,在遇到一些不易判断出两线间最短距离位置的高压线时,需要通过一定的方法求出两高压线间的最短距离,以判断是否符合规范要求,确保电网的安全运行。本文提出一种利用Mathematica软件计算空间异面高压线间最短距离的方法。     

Electrical Breakdown Properties and Space Charge Formation in High Temperature Region in Ultraviolet Ray Irradiated PVC

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most popular insulating material for electric wiring instruments. However, an exothermic reaction above 150 °C may cause deterioration of the insulating properties of PVC. Therefore, it is important to clarify the heat degradation in PVC, not only to investigate the ignition of electrical wiring products but also to use electrical products safely. It is known that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes chemical deterioration of PVC and an increase in its conductivity. Generally, it has been thought that the electrical breakdown properties, electrical conduction, and insulating performance are affected by space charge accumulation in an insulating material. A high temperature pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) system usable up to 250 °C has been developed, and the PEA system can measure the space charge distribution and conduction current in the high temperature range simultaneously. In this investigation, the space charge distribution and conduction current were measured up to electrical breakdown in a non‐UV irradiated sample (normal PVC) and in 353 nm and 253 nm UV‐irradiated PVC samples in the range from room temperature to 200 °C in a DC electric field. In the short wavelength UV irradiated PVC sample (253 nm, 300 h), a deterioration of breakdown strength at 90 °C to 150 °C and negative packet‐like charges were observed at 60 °C and 100 °C, a positive charge accumulated in front of both the anode and cathode above 90 °C, and a higher electric field near the cathode side because the positive charge of the cathode side was greater.     

Data-driven placemaking: Public space canopy design through multi-objective optimisation considering shading,structural and social performance

In the context of ongoing densification of cities and aging urban populations, public spaces are a crucial infrastructure to support the physical and mental wellbeing of urban residents. The design of public space furniture elements is often standardised, and not considered in relation to environmental conditions and mechanisms of social interaction. This article presents a digital workflow to generate site-specific designs for shaded public seating, considering the relationships of local public places to their surroundings. A strategy for customised and site-specific design is developed through the use of multiple software tools, employing evolutionary algorithms and multi-objective optimisation. The method is applied to a small public space canopy prototype installed within a public housing estate in Hong Kong, incorporating additional criteria to achieve a low-cost and light-weight structure. Through multiple stages of refinement and optimisation, a material, structural and social performance-driven outcome was achieved that creates a shaded space for public seating, people watching and social interaction. As part of a larger research agenda exploring architectural form-finding and environmental psychology, the project represents potential new applications in the emerging field of socially driven computational design.     

受限空间安全作业管理浅析

受限空间因受作业场所限制,存在的危险因素较多,受限空间安全管理控制措施为:建立许可制,落实责任和措施,做好受限空间作业人员的个体防护,对受限空间作业的安全管理要实行从审批到应急处理全过程的控制。介绍了受限空间的危险特点和事故类型,提出了受限空间作业安全管理的具体措施。     

钛表面激光熔覆NiCr-Ag复合涂层结构及空间摩擦学性能研究

利用激光熔覆技术在钛基材表面制备了NiCr-Ag复合涂层。用XRD、SEM和HRTEM分析了涂层的组成和组织结构,利用空间摩擦学系统对复合涂层在三种模拟空间环境(高真空、原子氧和紫外辐照)以及大气环境下的摩擦磨损性能进行了系统的研究。采用SEM和EDS对磨损后复合涂层和对偶钢球的形貌和元素面分布进行了分析,揭示了复合涂层在模拟空间环境及大气环境下摩擦磨损失效机理。结果表明：复合涂层在大气环境条件下的摩擦磨损性能优于在三种模拟空间环境下的摩擦磨损性能；真空下的辐照对复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能有显著的影响,辐照会增加涂层表面氧化；复合涂层在高真空、原子氧和紫外辐照模拟空间环境下的磨损机理为较严重的粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和塑性变形,在大气环境条件下的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损。     

Improving outdoor air quality based on building morphology: Numerical investigation

Due to rapid urbanization around the world, high concentrations of vehicular pollutants have deteriorated the outdoor air quality, which can affect the physical and psychological well-being of humans. Numerous strategies have been proposed to overcome these harmful impacts by improving the dispersion of air pollutants. Consequently, a question arises regarding the potential effects of building morphology on the dispersion of pollutants. Subsequently, transient three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to examine the effect of building morphology on PM₁₀ dispersion. Eleven cases with various prototypes and morphological methods are compared with a simple building form to identify the patterns of PM₁₀ dispersion within a given time sequence under a prevailing inflow condition. The results indicate that the different designs of building morphology with varying Relative compactness (R_C) indicator highlight the importance of considering morphological factors to improve outdoor air quality. In addition, the proposed prototypes can reduce PM₁₀ concentrations by approximately 30%–90% at specific points in the studied time sequence. In particular, the vertical, horizontal, and grid folded prototypes can be considered more effective as an approximate decrease between 70% and 90% in PM₁₀ concentrations is observed, which reflects the influence of building morphology on improving outdoor air quality.     

码垛机器人运动学分析及关节空间轨迹规划研究

以IRB-460工业机器人为研究对象,针对其运动学建模及在笛卡尔空间和关节空间下的轨迹规划方法展开研究并进行对比。对机器人本体进行了机器人运动学分析,利用多项式轨迹插值算法进行了关键点间的轨迹规划,完成了重叠型码垛的作业流程。利用Robotics Toolbox完成了轨迹规划算法仿真,并进行了结果分析。仿真结果表明在关节空间下进行轨迹插补所得的路径点更为优化,所得的轨迹更为满足作业任务,具备合理性。     

基于光谱尺度空间与管道滤波的红外目标检测

为了准确地从复杂干扰背景下检测出真实弱小目标，本文引入视觉显著性，设计了基于快速光谱尺度空间与动态管道滤波的红外目标检测算法。基于真实目标与背景内容之间的整体差异，引入快速光谱尺度空间与阈值分割技术，设计视觉显著性机制，对红外图像完成处理，输出全局显著性映射，以高效过滤干扰背景内容。考虑目标与背景的局部特征差异，构建自适应局部对比度增强机制，对粗检测结果实施处理，获取对应的局部显著性映射，改善视觉显著性区域内目标的对比度。引入高斯差分理论，通过估算每一帧红外图像中的目标像素直径，形成动态管道滤波，充分消除虚警，准确识别出弱小目标。多组实验数据显示：较已有的红外目标检测技术而言，在各种不同的复杂背景干扰下，所提算法呈现出更好的检测能力，拥有更理想的接收机工作特性ROC曲线。